Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 30, 2025
06:18
The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
Published on: October 20, 2022
2.2K
The Leadership Arena-Reputation-Identity (LARI) model: Distinguishing shared and unique perspectives in multisource
Jasmine Vergauwe1, Joeri Hofmans2, Bart Wille1
1Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology.
The Journal of Applied Psychology
|March 17, 2022
Summary
Multisource leadership ratings reveal unique insights from different perspectives. The Leadership Arena-Reputation-Identity (LARI) model, using bifactor modeling, confirms superiors offer the most distinct information on leader behavior.
Area of Science:
- Organizational Psychology
- Leadership Studies
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Multisource leadership ratings assume diverse rater groups (subordinates, peers, superiors) offer unique perspectives beyond self-evaluation.
- Current research often fails to quantify the overlap and uniqueness within these different rater perspectives.
- The Trait-Reputation-Identity (TRI) model provides a framework for understanding shared and distinct impressions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate the Leadership Arena-Reputation-Identity (LARI) model for analyzing multisource leadership ratings.
- To statistically decompose the variance in multisource ratings into shared and unique components.
- To determine the extent to which different rater groups contribute unique information about leadership behavior.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Leadership Arena-Reputation-Identity (LARI) model based on the TRI model.
- Utilized bifactor modeling to statistically differentiate leadership consensus (Arena), reputation, and self-identity.
- Tested the LARI model against five alternative models using two large multisource datasets with varying leadership instruments.
Main Results:
- The LARI bifactor model demonstrated superior fit compared to alternative models in both large-scale samples.
- Variance decomposition confirmed that each rater source (subordinates, peers, superiors) contributes unique information.
- Superiors consistently provided the largest proportion of unique information across all leadership dimensions in both samples.
Conclusions:
- The LARI model effectively disentangles shared and unique variance in multisource leadership ratings.
- Each rater group offers distinct insights, validating the utility of multisource feedback.
- Future research should leverage the LARI model to further explore the unique contributions of different rater perspectives in leadership assessment.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Role-Based Identity
3
Role-based identities are central to understanding how individuals navigate social environments by adopting distinct self-conceptions aligned with various societal roles. These identities are not fixed traits but are constructed through personal actions and the social feedback individuals receive in context-specific interactions. Each social role, such as student, teacher, or friend, carries a set of expectations and norms that influence how people think, feel, and behave within that...
3
01:29Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory
30
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
30
01:29Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
17
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
17
01:29Dark Triad and Person Perception
14
Person perception is influenced by both external behaviors and the observer’s internal characteristics, including personality traits. Individuals with dark personality traits, comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism — collectively known as the dark triad – exhibit manipulative and exploitative tendencies in social contexts. These traits affect how they perceive others and how they are perceived.The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Person PerceptionBlack et...
14
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.9K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.9K
01:27Halo Effect
11
The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
11