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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Killing the golden goose for STEM.

Elvia Meléndez-Ackerman1, Jorge L Colón2

  • 1Elvia Meléndez-Ackerman is a professor in the Department of Environmental Science at the University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Puerto Rico's economic recovery hinges on restoring state funding for the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). Budget cuts threaten the premier STEM institution, jeopardizing the island's future stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Public Policy
  • Higher Education

Background:

  • The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) established a Financial Oversight and Management Board (FOMB) to manage the island's debt crisis.
  • Despite debt restructuring, economists question Puerto Rico's path to recovery.
  • FOMB-mandated budget cuts have significantly impacted the University of Puerto Rico (UPR).

Discussion:

  • UPR, a vital institution for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, faces reduced state funding.
  • The economic stability of Puerto Rico is intrinsically linked to the operational capacity of its primary higher education institution.
  • Restoring state funding to UPR is presented as a critical component for sustainable recovery.

Key Insights:

  • PROMESA's austerity measures disproportionately affect UPR's funding.
  • UPR's role in STEM education is crucial for Puerto Rico's long-term economic development.
  • Adequate funding for UPR is essential for rebuilding Puerto Rico's economy.

Outlook:

  • Continued underfunding of UPR could hinder Puerto Rico's scientific and technological advancement.
  • Policy interventions focused on restoring UPR funding are necessary for sustainable economic recovery.
  • The future economic health of Puerto Rico depends on strategic investment in its educational infrastructure.