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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
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Surgical management options for long-bone metastasis.

Catalin Cirstoiu1,2, Bogdan Cretu1,2, Sergiu Iordache1,2

  • 1Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

EFORT Open Reviews
|March 17, 2022
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Summary

Surgical treatment for bone metastases requires a tailored, multidisciplinary approach. Key surgical options include resection and reconstruction, aiming to improve patient quality of life and survival rates.

Keywords:
bone metastasisimpending fracturesresection reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Skeletal Metastases

Background:

  • Bone metastases present significant surgical challenges, often requiring a multidisciplinary strategy.
  • Indications for surgery include treatment resistance, imminent fracture risk, and solitary metastases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the indications and surgical strategies for managing bone metastases.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient-specific treatment planning and life expectancy estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current surgical options for bone metastases.
  • Discussion of factors influencing surgical strategy selection (tumor characteristics, patient factors).
  • Highlighting the role of preoperative embolization for specific metastatic origins.

Main Results:

  • Resection and reconstruction with modular prostheses are standard for restoring function and quality of life.
  • Preoperative embolization is crucial for renal and thyroid metastases to reduce complications and improve survival.
  • Accurate life expectancy estimation guides treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • A personalized, multidisciplinary approach is essential for surgical management of bone metastases.
  • Surgical interventions aim to enhance functionality, quality of life, and patient survival.
  • Optimized surgical strategies, including embolization, significantly impact outcomes.