Bacillus natto ameliorates obesity by regulating PI3K/AKT pathways in rats

Obesity has become the second leading cause of death globally after smoking. Probiotic Bacillus has noticeable weight-loss effects. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Bacillus natto (B. natto) on insulin resistance in obese rats. The obese rat model was established with a HFD for 8 weeks, and then, B. natto was orally administered at different dosed for 8 weeks. The results showed that B. natto significantly reduced the body weight, epididymis fat weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein while increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein in HFD rats. B. natto intervention improved liver injury by reducing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels. B. natto intervention was also beneficial for the inhibition of hepatic steatosis and inflammation factors in HFD rats by inhibiting the mRNA expression level of SREBP-1 gene. Moreover, B. natto improved insulin resistance homeostasis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, B. natto could be used as a potential probiotic supplement to provided new strategy for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity.