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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
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[Diverse Molecular Mechanisms for Immune Evasion in Gastrointestinal Cancer]

Tatsuhiro Shibata1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|March 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Gastrointestinal cancer cells evade immune surveillance by downregulating antigen recognition or altering the immune microenvironment. Understanding these immune evasion strategies is crucial for developing effective precision cancer immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer cells acquire immune evasion capabilities during multi-step carcinogenesis.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers utilize molecular mechanisms to escape host immune surveillance.
  • Immune evasion is a key challenge in current cancer treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the primary molecular mechanisms of immune evasion in GI cancer.
  • To highlight the role of antigen presentation machinery mutations in immune escape.
  • To emphasize the need for precision immunotherapy in GI cancer management.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of somatic mutations in HLA-Ⅰ and B2M genes.
  • Investigation of immune microenvironment modifications, including immune checkpoint molecule expression and Treg cell recruitment.
  • Assessment of metabolic competition by cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • GI cancer cells decrease neoantigen recognition or modify immune microenvironments to inhibit immune cell activation.
  • Recurrent somatic mutations in HLA-Ⅰ and B2M are observed in GI cancers.
  • Cancer cells ectopically express immune checkpoint molecules and recruit suppressive immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Immune evasion is a critical vulnerability in GI cancers.
  • Targeting immune evasion mechanisms is essential for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Precision immunotherapy development is imperative for effective GI cancer treatment.

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