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    Background-oriented schlieren tomography (BOST) now enables 3D refractive index field reconstruction in flows. This new evolutionary BOST (EBOST) method accurately visualizes complex flame structures for advanced flow diagnostics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Optical diagnostics
    • Computational imaging

    Background:

    • Background-oriented schlieren (BOS) measures light ray deflection for refractive index variations.
    • Volumetric reconstruction of refractive index fields in flows is crucial for diagnostics.
    • Existing methods may have limitations in complex flow scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce evolutionary BOS tomography (EBOST) for 3D refractive index field reconstruction.
    • To apply and validate EBOST for reactive flows, specifically flames.
    • To demonstrate the capability of EBOST for instantaneous and time-averaged flame structure visualization.

    Main Methods:

    • Combined BOS imaging with a novel evolutionary tomographic algorithm (EBOST).
    • Employed direct non-linear ray-tracing for fitness evaluation within a multi-GPU evolutionary strategy.
    • Utilized a self-adaptive strategy to manage algorithm control parameters.

    Main Results:

    • EBOST demonstrated quantitative accuracy in numerical phantom studies using flame simulations.
    • Performance was comparable to state-of-the-art BOST for turbulent swirl flame reconstruction.
    • Experimental applications successfully revealed instantaneous and time-averaged structures of unsteady and turbulent flames.

    Conclusions:

    • EBOST is a powerful new tool for volumetric flow diagnostics.
    • The method provides detailed insights into complex reactive flow structures.
    • EBOST offers significant benefits for understanding flame dynamics.