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Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

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Ultra-compact VCSEL scanner for high power solid-state beam steering.

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|March 18, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study integrates a tunable Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) with a slow-light waveguide, achieving over 3W of amplified single-mode power and demonstrating solid-state beam steering.

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

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Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optoelectronics
Semiconductor Lasers
Integrated Optics

Background:

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are key optoelectronic devices.
Integrating VCSELs with waveguides enables advanced functionalities.
Achieving high output power and beam steering in compact devices remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the lateral monolithic integration of a tunable VCSEL and a slow-light waveguide.
To achieve high amplified output power and single-mode operation.
To integrate fan-beam steering and amplifier functions into a single device.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a tunable first-order surface-grating loaded VCSEL integrated with a slow-light waveguide.
Utilizing a shallow Bragg-grating for single slow-light mode selection.
Amplification of the slow-light mode by pumping an integrated amplifier section.

Main Results:

Achieved over 3W of amplified slow-light power in single-mode operation.
Obtained over 4W of amplified quasi-single-mode power under pulsed current injection.
Demonstrated solid-state fan-beam steering with a 9° range and 200 resolution points.

Conclusions:

This work presents the highest output power reported for single-mode VCSELs.
The integrated device offers a promising platform for high-power, steerable laser sources.
Monolithic integration of VCSELs, slow-light waveguides, and beam steering is successfully demonstrated.