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Phase-locking dynamics of a 2D VCSEL hexagonal array with an integrated Talbot cavity.

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    This study numerically investigates phase-locking in 2D VCSEL hexagonal arrays with Talbot cavities for high brightness. Optimal configurations achieve full in-phase modes, crucial for narrow far-field patterns and high-performance laser arrays.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Laser Array Dynamics

    Background:

    • Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are key for high-power applications.
    • Achieving phase-locking in 2D VCSEL arrays is essential for coherent, high-brightness output.
    • Integrated Talbot cavities offer a method for enhancing VCSEL array performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically investigate the phase-locking dynamics of 2D VCSEL hexagonal arrays integrated with Talbot cavities.
    • To explore the influence of fill factor and fractional Talbot cavity length on synchronization and phase-locking.
    • To identify optimal system configurations for achieving high-brightness, single narrow-lobe far-field patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations based on rate equations.
    • Analysis of wavelength synchronization and phase-locking phenomena.
    • Characterization of supermodes using near-field and far-field patterns.
    • Comparison with coupled-mode theory predictions.

    Main Results:

    • Phase-locking and wavelength synchronization were achieved under various fill factors and cavity lengths.
    • Supermode analysis confirmed good agreement with coupled-mode theory.
    • A full in-phase mode was attainable with specific system configurations.
    • Consistent optical feedback distribution from the fractional Talbot cavity is critical for phase-locking.

    Conclusions:

    • The Talbot-VCSEL system can be configured for high-performance, full in-phase operation.
    • Understanding parameter intervals is key to achieving the desired single narrow-lobe far-field pattern.
    • This research provides theoretical support for developing high-performance, phase-locked VCSEL arrays.