Highly stable soliton and bound soliton generation from a fiber laser mode-locked by VSe₂ nanosheets

We demonstrate the highly stable soliton generation from a fiber laser mode-locked by the VSe₂ nanosheets experimentally. The VSe₂ nanosheets prepared via the liquid phase exfoliation method exhibit ultrafast relaxation time and excellent nonlinear optical behavior with saturation intensity and modulation depth of 14.28 MW/cm² and 19.11%, respectively. A highly stable mode-locked Er³⁺-doped fiber laser with pulse duration of 714 fs and signal-to-noise ratio of 78.44 dB has been delivered successfully based on the VSe₂ nanosheets saturable absorber. In addition, the transition from the conventional soliton to bound-state soliton has been observed experimentally. Our results reveal that VSe₂ nanosheets possess excellent nonlinear optical performance and can act as a robust optical platform for versatile optical applications.