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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Full polarization random drift compensation method for quantum communication.

Mariana F Ramos, Nuno A Silva, Nelson J Muga

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a simple quantum key distribution (QKD) method to compensate for polarization drift in optical fibers. This technique enhances secret key generation rates by 82% over 40 km, achieving a low quantum bit error rate (QBER).

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Cryptography

    Background:

    • Long-term quantum key distribution (QKD) using polarization encoding necessitates robust methods for compensating random polarization drift.
    • Fiber optic channels introduce unpredictable polarization fluctuations, degrading QKD performance and security.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel, equipment-free method for compensating arbitrary polarization drift in QKD systems.
    • To enhance the secret key generation rate and maintain a low quantum bit error rate (QBER) over extended fiber optic links.

    Main Methods:

    • A feedback loop utilizing the quantum bit error rate (QBER) from two states in two non-orthogonal mutually unbiased bases was employed.
    • The method compensates for polarization random drift experienced by photons during transmission through optical fiber quantum channels.
    • The approach was tested with imperfect single-photon detectors.

    Main Results:

    • A QBER consistently below 2% was achieved, demonstrating the effectiveness of the compensation method.
    • An 82% improvement in secret key generation rate was verified for a finite-key size BB84 protocol.
    • The system was validated over a 40 km fiber-optics quantum channel.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed QKD polarization drift compensation method is simple, efficient, and does not require dedicated hardware.
    • This technique significantly enhances the practical performance and secret key generation rates of fiber-based QKD systems.
    • The method offers a viable solution for secure, long-term quantum communication over existing fiber infrastructure.