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Arm locking using laser frequency comb.

Hanzhong Wu, Jun Ke, Pan-Pan Wang

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    |March 18, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents an updated single arm locking technique using an optical frequency comb to significantly reduce laser phase noise for space-borne gravitational wave detectors. This method enhances sensitivity, meeting critical requirements for observing cosmic events.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astrophysics
    • Gravitational Wave Astronomy
    • Optical Physics

    Background:

    • Space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors like LISA, TaiJi, and TianQin require unprecedented strain sensitivity (~10^-21/Hz^1/2) in the low-frequency band (0.1 mHz to 1 Hz).
    • Achieving this sensitivity necessitates reducing laser phase noise by several orders of magnitude, a challenge for current ultra-stable lasers and time delay interferometry.
    • Existing arm locking schemes have limitations regarding gain, nulls in the science band, and frequency pulling characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce an updated single arm locking technique that effectively suppresses laser phase noise for space-borne GW detectors.
    • To demonstrate the use of an optical frequency comb to mitigate noise amplification caused by nulls in the science band.
    • To validate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed arm locking method through analytical results and simulations.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and analysis of an updated single arm locking scheme incorporating an optical frequency comb.
    • Mathematical derivation to show the factor by which laser phase noise is reduced.
    • Estimation of frequency pulling characteristics and simulation of time-series data using Simulink.

    Main Results:

    • The updated arm locking method, utilizing an optical frequency comb, significantly reduces laser phase noise, suppressing peaks in the science band.
    • The total noise after arm locking meets the stringent requirements for time delay interferometry, even with free-running laser sources.
    • Simulations confirm the analytical predictions, demonstrating the method's feasibility, high gain, low pulling rate, and year-round operational potential without locking failure risks.

    Conclusions:

    • The updated single arm locking technique with an optical frequency comb is a viable and valuable solution for noise reduction in space-borne GW detectors.
    • This method efficiently suppresses noise amplification, allowing for the use of less pre-stabilized laser sources and potentially serving as a backup strategy.
    • The precise control of returned laser phase noise and unified demonstration ensure the generation of an effective arm-locking sensor, crucial for future GW observatories.