Religion and gender behavior: understanding the variations in risk to urinary schistosomiasis among farmers

Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic and acute disease that is widely spread among the poor. It is caused by blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, and transmitted to humans through water related activities by way of skin penetration. While schistosomiasis is rarely fatal, it could impact negatively on the economy and health status of infected individual. We evaluated the prevalence and dissimilarity of schistosomiasis among farmers in a cross sectional study, while grouping the farmers into different categories. Prior to the initiation of the study, we sought permission from the community head (Emir) and properly enlightened the community about the study. Then, we collected and analyzed urine samples from the consenting farmers using sedimentation techniques. The infection rate among participants was 46.3% (56/121), although with varying prevalence across different farming categories. We found no statistical difference among Muslim and Christian farmers even though there was higher infection rate (50.7%) among the Muslim than Christian (40%). Conversely, when classifying farming type by gender, male farmers, especially the male vegetable farmers were significantly different from female farmers of other farming types, while there was no statistical difference in the classification of farming type by religion. Although we found no statistical difference in the primary demographic factors of the participants, however the significant difference recorded in some of the combination of the participants' demographic factors shows that religion and gender might be an underlining factors that are responsible for the prevalence of the infection among the study participants. Therefore, this study will guide the decision makers in appropriately allocating future interventions among the endemic groups.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-021-01448-0.