Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

180
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
180
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

186
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
186
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

33.9K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
33.9K
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

18.7K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
18.7K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

154
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
154
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

306
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
306

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From leaf to cellulose scaffold: Decellularization and multi-scale characterization of <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i> leaf for biomedical applications.

Journal of biomaterials applications·2026
Same author

Community-based sentinel surveillance for Mpox-like disease among men who have sex with men and transgender individuals in India: a cross-sectional study.

IJID regions·2026
Same author

A framework for Hough-based lane line detection with analytical assessment aided by CORDIC.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Modification of CLSI Recommended Colistin Agar Test for Enterobacterales to Handle Large Sample Load in a High-Throughput Laboratory.

Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology·2026
Same author

Fragile immunity, fatal foe: A cluster of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia cases in children with haematological malignancies on chemotherapy.

Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society·2026
Same author

Chronic Post-operative Endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii.

Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH·2026
Same journal

MICROSCOPY: NOT THE LOST ART - INVISIBLE INVADER OF THE URINARY TRACT!

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same journal

Rapid and Accurate Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) by MALDI-TOF MS using a Modified Extraction Protocol.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same journal

NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN INDIA: SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY COMPARED WITH WESTERN DATA.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same journal

Multicenter Study on Blood Culture Quality and Turnaround Time of Patients in Intensive Care Unit in Guangdong Province, China.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same journal

Study of tedizolid susceptibility among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and soft-tissue infections, eastern India.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same journal

Unmasking Neuroinvasive Melioidosis: Insights from Burkholderia pseudomallei Cases in an Indian Neurocenter - A Case Series.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
09:26

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

685

Basic virology of SARS-CoV 2.

V Ravi1, Sonal Saxena2, Pragyan Swagatika Panda3

  • 1Department of Neurovirology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, 560029, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|March 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health threat. This review details SARS-CoV-2 virology, distinguishing it from other human coronaviruses.

Keywords:
COVID 19SARS CoV-2Virology

More Related Videos

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.2K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
09:26

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

685
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.2K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019, causing the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible pathogenic coronavirus, posing a significant global health threat.
  • Other human coronaviruses include those causing mild illnesses (229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1) and pathogenic ones (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental virology of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To elucidate the origin, structure, genomic characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To highlight key differences between SARS-CoV-2 and previously identified coronaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.
  • Analysis of viral structure, genome, and replication mechanisms.
  • Comparative analysis of pathogenic and non-pathogenic human coronaviruses.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four major structural proteins: Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), and Nucleocapsid (N).
  • Viral entry into host cells involves the Spike protein binding to specific receptors, followed by replication and release of new virions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 virology is crucial for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other coronaviruses aids in targeted therapeutic and preventative strategies.
  • Further research into coronavirus pathogenesis and host interactions is warranted.