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Related Concept Videos

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Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 expression, regulation, and function: An overview.

Greg Guthrie1, Caitlin Vonderohe1, Douglas Burrin1

  • 1USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|March 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 is a unique endocrine hormone regulating metabolism and energy expenditure. This review covers FGF19

Keywords:
Bile acid metabolismCarbohydrate metabolismFarnesoid x receptorFibroblast growth factor 19Lipid metabolismProtein synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, discovered over 20 years ago, is a significant peptide hormone.
  • It belongs to a superfamily of paracrine growth factors involved in embryonic development.
  • FGF19 is unique as a dietary-responsive endocrine hormone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19.
  • To explore its target receptors and the biological pathways involved.
  • To understand the signaling cascades mediated by FGF19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on FGF19.
  • Analysis of studies detailing FGF19's structure and function.
  • Examination of research on FGF19's receptor interactions and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • FGF19 links to bile acid homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and protein synthesis.
  • It functions across the fed to fasted state transition.
  • Its diverse functions stem from unique structural characteristics and receptor binding.

Conclusions:

  • FGF19 plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation.
  • Understanding FGF19's signaling pathways is key to its therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into FGF19's unique properties is warranted.