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Researchers measured the decay of a density profile in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. This allowed direct measurement of thermal conductivity and shear viscosity from the fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum fluids
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Strongly interacting Fermi gases are crucial for understanding quantum phenomena.
  • Previous methods for measuring transport properties like thermal conductivity and shear viscosity were indirect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure thermal conductivity and shear viscosity.
  • To investigate the dynamics of a spatially periodic density profile in a Fermi gas.

Main Methods:

  • Confining a strongly interacting Fermi gas in a box potential.
  • Creating a spatially periodic density profile in thermal equilibrium.
  • Measuring the free decay of the dominant spatial Fourier component after perturbation removal.

Main Results:

  • Observed both a thermally diffusive (exponentially decaying) mode and a first sound (decaying oscillatory) mode.
  • Successfully decoupled and independently measured thermal conductivity and shear viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • The free decay of a density profile provides a direct route to measure transport coefficients.
  • This method offers a powerful tool for characterizing strongly interacting quantum fluids.