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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.4K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

22.6K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
22.6K
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

48.5K
The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
48.5K
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

20.8K
Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

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Order-Disorder Transitions in (Ca_{x}Sr_{1-x})_{3}Rh_{4}Sn_{13}.

Puspa Upreti1,2, Matthew Krogstad1, Charlotte Haley3

  • 1Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Structural phase transitions in quasiskutterudites were studied using x-ray diffraction. Local atomic displacements were found to be temperature independent, indicating order-disorder behavior, even above the quantum phase transition.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Classifying structural phase transitions (SPTs) as displacive or order-disorder is crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Traditional classification relies on spectroscopic data obtained above the transition temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural correlations in quasiskutterudites, specifically (Ca_{x}Sr_{1-x})_{3}Rh_{4}Sn_{13}, near a quantum phase transition.
  • To determine the nature of atomic displacements associated with the structural phase transition.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal x-ray diffraction was employed to probe the material's structure.
  • Three-dimensional pair distribution functions (3D-PDFs) were calculated to analyze local atomic arrangements and displacements.

Main Results:

  • Local atomic displacement amplitudes were found to be temperature independent below the transition.
  • These displacements persisted to temperatures well above the transition point (x∼0.9).
  • The observed behavior is characteristic of order-disorder type transitions.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests that the structural phase transition in (Ca_{x}Sr_{1-x})_{3}Rh_{4}Sn_{13} exhibits order-disorder characteristics.
  • The findings have implications for understanding the electronic properties and behavior of these quasiskutterudites near quantum criticality.