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Direct Air Capture of CO2 Using Solvents
1Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA;
Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|March 19, 2022
Summary
Direct air capture (DAC) using aqueous solvents is crucial for climate change mitigation. This review details DAC chemistry, engineering, and solvent options for large-scale CO2 removal.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Climate Science
Background:
- Negative emissions technologies (NETs) are vital for limiting global warming to 2°C.
- Direct air capture (DAC) is a key NET for removing atmospheric CO2 at scale.
Purpose of the Study:
- This review focuses on aqueous solvent-based direct air capture (DAC) technologies.
- It explores the chemistry, engineering, and economics of DAC systems.
Main Methods:
- The review covers the fundamental chemistry of CO2 binding and release in aqueous solvents.
- It discusses chemical engineering aspects like air-liquid contactor design and process development.
- Technoeconomic assessments are included to estimate DAC costs.
Main Results:
- Various aqueous solvents are reviewed, including alkaline solutions, amines, amino acids, and peptides.
- Different solvent regeneration methods are analyzed, such as thermal swinging, carbonate crystallization, and electrochemical approaches.
Conclusions:
- Aqueous solvent DAC presents a scalable solution for atmospheric CO2 removal.
- Understanding the chemistry, engineering, and economics is essential for effective deployment of DAC technologies.
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