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Hypoxia

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Published on: February 21, 2012

Quantitative hypoxia mapping using a self-calibrated activatable nanoprobe.

Xin Feng^1,2, Yuhao Li³, Shiyuan Zhang¹

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

|March 19, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a self-calibrated nanoprobe for quantitative in vivo tumor hypoxia imaging. The novel ratiometric approach overcomes limitations for monitoring tumor progression and guiding anti-hypoxia therapies.

Keywords:

Breast cancer Hypoxia Quantitative Ratiometric imaging

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Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

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Published on: February 21, 2012

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Imaging
Nanotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Tumor hypoxia is a critical factor in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis.
Accurate quantification of tumor hypoxia is challenging due to factors like nonspecific binding and heterogeneous probe delivery.
Existing methods often lack reliability for quantitative in vivo imaging of hypoxic status.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a self-calibrated nanoprobe for specific and quantitative detection of tumor hypoxia in vivo.
To overcome limitations of traditional imaging probes by eliminating target-independent interference.
To assess the potential of the nanoprobe for monitoring tumor development, metastasis, and guiding therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Design and synthesis of a self-calibrated activatable nanoprobe (Cy7-1/PG5-Cy5@LWHA) detecting nitroreductase activity.
Utilizing dual fluorescence emission for ratiometric calibration to enable quantitative measurements.
In vivo evaluation in orthotopic and metastatic breast cancer mouse models.

Main Results:

The Cy7-1/PG5-Cy5@LWHA nanoprobe demonstrated effective in vivo hypoxia sensing in breast cancer models.
Ratiometric processing enabled accurate quantitative assessment of hypoxia across different tumor developmental stages.
The probe successfully facilitated tumor burden assessment in metastatic lymph nodes.

Conclusions:

Ratiometric imaging with Cy7-1/PG5-Cy5@LWHA offers a promising noninvasive tool for quantitative tumor hypoxia monitoring.
This approach can aid in understanding hypoxia's role in tumor progression and evaluating anti-hypoxia treatments.
The technology shows potential for clinical application in assessing lymph node status during surgery.