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The multifaceted retrovirus.

J A Levy

    Cancer Research
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Retroviruses exhibit diverse properties and are found across many animal species. Recent research highlights their potential roles in human diseases, evolution, and normal development, underscoring their multifaceted nature.

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    Area of Science:

    • Retroviruses and their diverse biological roles.
    • Molecular biology and virology.
    • Evolutionary biology and genetics.

    Background:

    • Retroviruses are present in numerous animal species, including humans, with significant advancements in retrovirology this century.
    • Historically viewed as pathogens, retroviruses are now recognized for their potential roles in human diseases like cancer and immunodeficiency, and possibly autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis.
    • A substantial proportion of retroviruses exist as conserved endogenous genes, suggesting roles in normal development and as precursors to pathogenic forms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate the diverse properties and widespread presence of retroviruses across species.
    • To explore the evolving understanding of retroviruses, including their pathogenic and non-pathogenic roles.
    • To highlight the potential influence of retroviruses on host evolution and development.

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    Main Methods:

    • Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature on retroviruses.
    • Analysis of retroviral properties, including oncogenic, cytopathic, and endogenous forms.
    • Examination of virus-cell interactions and their biological consequences.

    Main Results:

    • Retroviruses display a wide range of properties, acting as oncogenic, cytopathic agents, or conserved endogenous genes.
    • Endogenous retroviruses appear predominant and may play roles in normal development and evolution.
    • Retroviruses can influence host development by affecting cellular gene expression, with varied effects on cells such as vacuolization or syncytial cell formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Retroviruses are multifaceted agents with evolving roles in nature.
    • Their genetic material, resembling transposons, facilitates transmission and influences host evolution.
    • Understanding virus-cell interactions is key to deciphering the diverse biological expressions of retroviruses.