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Normal development of the brain: a survey of joint structural-functional brain studies
Roxana Namiranian1, Sahar Rahimi Malakshan1, Hamid Abrishami Moghaddam1,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 16317-14191, Iran.
Reviews in the Neurosciences
|March 19, 2022
Summary
Joint structural-functional (S-F) studies explore brain maturation using S-F biomarkers. Developing effective biomarkers remains challenging, particularly for brain asymmetries, highlighting the need for advanced modeling techniques.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Joint structural-functional (S-F) developmental studies offer a novel approach to understanding brain maturation.
- S-F biomarkers have the potential to model brain maturation, enhance temporal brain atlases, and track performance changes across the lifespan.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current state of knowledge on the heterochronous and heterogeneous development of S-F links during brain maturation.
- To examine the application of various structural and functional biomarkers and data acquisition modalities in early-matured unimodal and prolonged-matured transmodal brain regions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on joint S-F developmental studies.
- Analysis of S-F relationships in unimodal (auditory, visual stimuli) and transmodal (resting-state, cognitive experiments) brain regions.
- Investigation into the use of multifactorial and nonlinear techniques for modeling S-F relations.
Main Results:
- Joint S-F studies have investigated unimodal and transmodal brain regions using diverse biomarkers and modalities.
- Nonsignificant associations between some S-F biomarkers and maturation indicate challenges in biomarker development.
- Maturational characteristics of brain asymmetries are under-investigated and yield inconsistent results.
Conclusions:
- Developing effective S-F biomarkers for brain maturation remains a significant challenge.
- Further research is needed to explore brain asymmetries within joint S-F frameworks.
- Multifactorial and nonlinear modeling techniques show promise for simulating age-related S-F changes.
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