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Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: How Does Molecular Profiling Help?

Thomas Yang Sun1, Andrew Hendifar2, Sukhmani K Padda3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.

Current Oncology Reports
|March 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Molecular profiling reveals unique alterations in lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). While current treatments like everolimus are effective, targeting epigenetic pathways offers promising future therapeutic strategies for lung NETs.

Keywords:
Atypical carcinoidDIPNECHEpigeneticsEverolimusGeneticsGenomicsHistoneLung neuroendocrine tumorMEN1MethylationMolecular profilingNETsNeuroendocrine tumorPrognosisSequencingTargeted therapiesTreatmentTypical carcinoidmTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) possess distinct molecular profiles compared to other lung cancers.
  • Understanding these unique alterations is crucial for improving patient prognosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of molecular profiling in the prognosis and treatment of lung NETs.
  • To highlight unique molecular alterations in lung NETs and their implications for targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on molecular profiling of lung NETs.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and their correlation with prognosis and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Lung NETs show unique molecular alterations, differing from non-small cell lung cancer and other neuroendocrine carcinomas.
  • No routine molecular prognostic factors are currently established for lung NETs.
  • Predominant mutations involve chromatin remodeling and histone modification genes, suggesting epigenetic pathway dysregulation.
  • Low tumor mutation burden and PD-L1 expression are characteristic of lung NETs.
  • Everolimus is an effective treatment, but its response is not predicted by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Lung NETs have recurring epigenetic alterations that present potential targets for novel therapies.
  • Future research should focus on developing targeted therapies that interfere with these epigenetic pathways.
  • Molecular profiling is key to understanding lung NETs and advancing personalized treatment approaches.