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Greater entropy leads to more explicit referential forms during language production.

Hossein Karimi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, 215 Magruder Hall, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 9762.P.O. Box 6161, United States.

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|March 19, 2022
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Higher entropy, a measure of referential uncertainty, leads to more explicit referring expressions in language production. This suggests increased competition among word choices impacts memory activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Speakers use referring expressions (e.g., pronouns, repeated nouns) to reference entities.
  • Theories suggest predictable entities receive more attenuated forms of reference (e.g., pronouns).
  • Previous research on predictability's effect on reference form has yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of entropy, a measure of predictability across all referential candidates, on the production of referring expressions.
  • To clarify the relationship between referential uncertainty and the explicitness of language production.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing data from 492 participants across 405 experimental items.
  • The study analyzed the correlation between entropy (measuring referential predictability) and the form of referring expressions used.

Main Results:

  • Greater entropy was significantly associated with the use of more explicit referential forms.
  • This finding indicates that higher uncertainty about the referent leads to less attenuated language.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy, not just the predictability of a single referent, influences referential form.
  • Increased entropy may heighten competition between referential candidates, potentially reducing overall memory activation for the intended referent.