Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

70
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
70
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

1.7K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
1.7K
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

57
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
57
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

414
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
414
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

110
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
110
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

1.2K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A dual-pathway dysregulation in prefrontal-habenular circuits mediates stress susceptibility.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Transcriptomic analysis of genes in bladder cancer patients with resistance to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

BMC cancer·2026
Same author

High-Sugar Consumption Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior via Activating the Glutamatergic Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Mice.

Biology·2026
Same author

Optimizing surgical strategy in Lenke 5 C AIS patients with poor thoracic compensatory ability: is there a role of coronal imbalance?

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same author

Thermal ablation plus HPV-specific IgY vaginal gel versus watchful waiting in women with histologically confirmed CIN1 and persistent HPV: a prospective observational cohort study.

BMC women's health·2026
Same author

Dabrafenib or trametinib in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis with bone lesions: a retrospective efficacy and safety study.

BMC cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.3K

Interplay between bladder microbiota and overactive bladder symptom severity: a cross-sectional study.

Kun Li1, Chunxiao Chen1, Jiarong Zeng2

  • 1Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

BMC Urology
|March 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Urinary microbiome diversity and richness correlate with overactive bladder (OAB) symptom severity. Increased urinary dysbiosis is linked to more severe OAB symptoms, suggesting its role in bladder dysfunction.

Keywords:
Bladder microbiotaOveractive bladderSeverity of OAB symptomUrinary microbiome

More Related Videos

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.2K
Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse
04:01

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Published on: November 2, 2017

16.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.3K
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.2K
Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse
04:01

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Published on: November 2, 2017

16.2K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Genitourinary Medicine

Background:

  • The urinary tract harbors microbiota communities in healthy individuals.
  • Urinary microbiome imbalance is implicated in benign urological conditions like lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB).
  • The specific influence of urinary microbiome alterations on OAB symptom severity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between the urinary microbiome and the severity of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.
  • To determine if changes in urinary microbiome composition are associated with OAB symptom intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy OAB patients completed the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire.
  • Urinary samples were collected via catheterization for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Alpha diversity (richness, evenness) and beta diversity were analyzed; Pearson's correlation assessed the relationship between microbiome and OABSS.

Main Results:

  • Patients with mild OAB (OABSS ≤ 5) exhibited lower bacterial diversity (Simpson index, P=0.024) and richness (Chao1, P=0.023) compared to those with moderate/severe OAB (OABSS > 5).
  • Significant differences in urinary microbiome beta diversity were observed between mild and moderate/severe OAB groups.
  • OABSS scores positively correlated with urinary microbiome richness (Chao1, P=0.002) and diversity (Shannon index, P=0.044). Specific genera like Porphyromona and Prevotella showed significant correlations with OAB sub-symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary microbiome composition is intimately correlated with OAB symptom severity.
  • Increased urinary microbiome diversity and richness are associated with more severe OAB symptoms.
  • Urinary dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the progression of functional bladder diseases like OAB.