Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Rodent Working Heart Model for the Study of Myocardial Performance and Oxygen Consumption
12:43

Rodent Working Heart Model for the Study of Myocardial Performance and Oxygen Consumption

Published on: August 16, 2016

The role of epinephrine in the circulatory effects of coffee

P Smits, G Pieters, T Thien

    Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions09:11

    Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions

    Published on: October 2, 2018

    Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting09:18

    Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting

    Published on: December 15, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

    Factors Influencing Heart Rate

    The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
    Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
    Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:27

    Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

    Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
    Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which is taken...
    Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

    Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

    β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
    Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
    Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
    β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...
    Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

    Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

    Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
    One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral bioavailability, and...
    Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

    Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

    Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
    Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
    Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

    Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

    Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
    Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
    The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...