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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Sinonasal Disease: An Evidence-Based Expert Review.

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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Chronic Rhinosinusitis and COVID-19.

Concepció Marin1, Thomas Hummel2, Zheng Liu3

  • 1INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|March 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common cause of smell loss. This review explores COVID-19

Keywords:
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2BiologicsCOVID-19Chronic rhinosinusitisCorticosteroidsInflammation endotypesOlfactory dysfunctionOlfactory trainingSARS-CoV-2Telemedicine

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Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
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Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction, including smell loss, is a recognized symptom of COVID-19.
  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory upper airway disease frequently causing olfactory dysfunction.
  • Limited scientific data exists on the intersection of CRS and COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on CRS symptoms and comorbidities.
  • To examine the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction in CRS and COVID-19.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches for CRS during the pandemic, including telemedicine.
  • To explore the potential protective role of CRS against COVID-19.
  • To evaluate therapeutic strategies for CRS in the context of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of scientific articles.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for CRS.

Main Results:

  • Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on CRS symptoms and smell loss are discussed.
  • Pathophysiological pathways contributing to olfactory dysfunction are explored.
  • Diagnostic challenges and the role of telemedicine in CRS management are considered.
  • The hypothesis of CRS conferring protection against COVID-19 is examined.
  • Efficacy and safety of CRS treatments during the pandemic are assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between CRS and COVID-19 is crucial for patient management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationship and optimize treatment strategies.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge to guide clinical practice and future investigations.