Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Global and regional estimates of hip fracture burden associated with type 1 diabetes from 1990 to 2021.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2024

Same author

[Extraction process optimization and link evaluation of Reyanning Mixture based on quality by design idea].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2024

Same author

Stable Lithium Oxygen Batteries Enabled by Solvent-diluent Interaction in N,N-dimethylacetamide-based Electrolytes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Same author

<i>Physochlainae Radix</i>: A Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Q-marker Prediction, and Future Directions.

Current topics in medicinal chemistry·2024

Same author

Mass Transfer Analysis for Achieving High-Rate Lithium-Air Batteries.

ACS nano·2024

Same author

Trends in the burden and determinants of HIV in the Asia-Pacific region (1990-2019): An age-period-cohort analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Journal of medical virology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Progress on the study of nucleosome reorganization during cellular reprogramming.

Hao-Liang Cui¹, Pei-Hua Shi¹, Jin-Chun Gao¹

¹College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas

|March 21, 2022

Summary

Cellular reprogramming resets cell identity by altering epigenetic markers. Nucleosome localization changes critically regulate gene expression, enabling totipotency during this process.

Keywords:

cellular reprogramming chromatin remodeling nucleosome localization transcription initiation sites

More Related Videos

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Epigenetics and Developmental Biology
Chromatin Biology

Background:

Cellular reprogramming restores totipotency by erasing and remodeling epigenetic markers.
Key reprogramming methods include cell fusion, somatic cell nuclear transplantation, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
Nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin, are crucial for gene regulation and cellular state.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of nucleosome localization in cellular reprogramming.
To elucidate how nucleosome dynamics influence gene activation/repression, chromatin remodeling, and transcription factor binding.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes existing literature on cellular reprogramming and nucleosome dynamics.
Focuses on the interplay between nucleosome occupancy/positioning and gene expression changes.

Main Results:

Nucleosome occupancy and positioning undergo significant alterations during cellular reprogramming.
Decreased nucleosome occupancy at transcriptional start sites promotes pluripotency gene expression.

Conclusions:

Nucleosome localization is a key regulatory mechanism in cellular reprogramming.
Understanding these dynamics provides a foundation for analyzing reprogramming mechanisms and therapeutic applications.