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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis.

György Vekszler1, Matthias Granner2, Elena Nebot Valenzuela1,3

  • 1Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology. Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

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|March 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Historic bone samples reveal tuberculosis alters skeletal microarchitecture. Pre-antibiotic era tuberculosis (TB) caused trabecular defects and decreased thickness in bones, aiding in identifying past TB infections.

Keywords:
AnkylosisBone structureCortical defectsHistorical pathological anatomical collectionMycobacterium tuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Paleopathology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death, affecting multiple organs, including the skeleton.
  • Skeletal TB is an extrapulmonary manifestation occurring after pulmonary stages.
  • Historic bone samples offer insights into pre-antibiotic era TB pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the microarchitecture of historic dry bone samples from individuals deceased from tuberculosis.
  • To document skeletal changes associated with TB in the pre-antibiotic era.

Main Methods:

  • Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to examine macerated bone samples (vertebrae, femoral heads, tibiae) from 59 individuals with documented TB.
  • Samples dated to the 19th and early 20th centuries from the Pathological-Anatomical Collection (PASiN-NHM).
  • Affected bone regions were compared to control samples from uninfected individuals.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculosis samples showed trabecular defects and reduced trabecular thickness across skeletal regions.
  • Cortical porosity was observed in affected vertebrae and tibiae.
  • Decreased cortical thickness in tuberculous tibiae and cortical sclerosis in half of the individuals were noted. Ankylosis was present in affected femoral heads.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of trabecular compartment alterations suggests the presence of tuberculosis in historic skeletal remains.
  • Micro-CT analysis of bone microarchitecture can aid in identifying skeletal TB in paleopathological studies.