Defining "the marijuana problem": An Analysis of the Polish daily press, 2015-2016

This study analyses discourses on marijuana in the Polish daily press and explores ways of defining "the marijuana problem" during a debate about legalisation of medical marijuana.

384 press articles published in three national newspapers in 2015-2016 were analysed. The method used was discourse analysis. The theoretical background was social constructionism, including Spector and Kitsuse's four-stage constructionist model of defining social problems.

The study shows that marijuana problems were mainly constructed through criminal and politically medical discourses. In addition to celebrity and pop culture discourses, recreational marijuana use discourses and social problems discourses were identified.

The marijuana problem can be defined differently through various discourses. Definitions pertain to diverse marijuana meanings ranging from a negative marijuana-as-drug, through an ambivalent recreational marijuana up to a positively valued medical marijuana. The research pointed out that, from a discursive standpoint, the marijuana problem may be viewed as a complex network of relations between particular discourses, marijuana meanings, claim-makers and the media.

Different definitions of the marijuana problem are constructed through a dynamic discursive and social process. Various claim-makers try to impose their meanings on marijuana. Mass media are not neutral. They also participate in defining the marijuana problem.