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Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Bacillus albus DM-15 Isolated From Ayurvedic Fermented Dasamoolarishta:
Annadurai Vinothkanna1,2, Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan3, Amit Kumar Rai4
1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Abstract:
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus albus DM-15, isolated from the Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine Dasamoolarishta. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the heteropolymeric nature of the purified EPS with monosaccharide units of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. Size-exclusion chromatography had shown the molecular weight of the purified EPS as around 240 kDa. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the non-crystalline amorphous nature of the EPS. Furthermore, the purified EPS showed the maximum flocculation activity (72.80%) with kaolin clay and emulsification activity (67.04%) with xylene. In addition, the EPS exhibits significant antioxidant activities on DPPH (58.17 ± 0.054%), ABTS (70.47 ± 0.854%) and nitric oxide (58.92 ± 0.744%) radicals in a concentration-dependent way. Moreover, the EPS showed promising cytotoxic activity (20 ± 0.97 μg mL-1) against the lung carcinoma cells (A549), and subsequent cellular staining revealed apoptotic necrotic characters in damaged A549 cells. The EPS purified from the probiotic strain B. albus DM-15 can be further studied and exploited as a potential carbohydrate polymer in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
Insights
An exopolysaccharide from Bacillus albus exhibits flocculation, emulsification, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. This probiotic-derived carbohydrate polymer shows potential for food, cosmetic, and biomedical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Microbiology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Probiotic bacteria like *Bacillus albus* produce exopolysaccharides (EPS).
- EPS are complex carbohydrates with diverse biological and chemical properties.
- Traditional Ayurvedic medicine *Dasamoolarishta* is a source of novel microbial strains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To purify and characterize an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from *Bacillus albus* DM-15.
- To evaluate the functional properties of the purified EPS, including flocculation, emulsification, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.
- To explore the potential applications of this EPS in various industries.
Main Methods:
- Purification of EPS from *Bacillus albus* DM-15.
- Characterization using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD).
- Assays for flocculation, emulsification, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide radicals), and cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells.
Main Results:
- The purified EPS is a heteropolymer composed of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose, with a molecular weight of approximately 240 kDa and an amorphous structure.
- The EPS demonstrated significant flocculation (72.80%) and emulsification (67.04%) activities.
- Substantial antioxidant activity against DPPH (58.17%), ABTS (70.47%), and nitric oxide (58.92%) radicals was observed in a concentration-dependent manner.
- The EPS exhibited promising cytotoxic activity (20 μg mL⁻¹) against A549 lung carcinoma cells, inducing apoptosis and necrosis.
Conclusions:
- The EPS from *Bacillus albus* DM-15 possesses valuable physicochemical and biological properties.
- Its demonstrated flocculation, emulsification, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects suggest significant potential.
- This exopolysaccharide can be further investigated for applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical sectors.
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