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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

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Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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Coronary Vasospasm Presenting as ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Arminder Singh1, Lam Nguyen2, Stephanie Everest2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, USA.

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|March 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vasospastic angina (VSA), or Prinzmetal angina, involves reversible coronary artery vasoconstriction. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of VSA mimicking acute coronary syndrome, particularly ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Keywords:
coronary artery spasmecgst-elevation myocardial infarction (stemi)stressvasospastic angina

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Vasospastic angina (VSA), also known as Prinzmetal angina, is characterized by reversible coronary artery vasoconstriction.
  • It is a frequent diagnosis in patients with ischemic symptoms but without obstructive coronary artery disease.

Observation:

  • Patients with VSA can exhibit symptoms similar to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including chest pain, dyspnea, and syncope.
  • Diagnosing VSA is challenging due to its clinical presentation mirroring active ACS.

Findings:

  • This report details a case of a 69-year-old female presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  • The patient was ultimately diagnosed with and treated for vasospastic angina, illustrating a diagnostic dilemma.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of VSA is crucial for appropriate treatment and patient management.
  • Recognizing VSA's potential to mimic ACS can improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent unnecessary interventions.