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Assessing the Spatiotemporal Spread Pattern of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Yoon Ling Cheong1, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali1, Mohd Khairuddin Bin Che Ibrahim1

  • 1Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Public Health
|March 21, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia, identifying high-risk transmission clusters using spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics. Findings reveal expanding high-risk areas and specific cluster centers, crucial for pandemic monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Spatial Analysis
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global health and economies.
  • Understanding disease spread patterns is vital for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia.
  • To identify and analyze high-risk transmission clusters using spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily cumulative COVID-19 cases from January 25, 2020, to February 24, 2021.
  • Applied spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) and space-time scan statistics (SaTScan™) at the district level.
  • Smoothed data using a 7-day rolling average for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Initial spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I > 0.5) indicated significant clustering.
  • High-risk clusters expanded geographically from west to east Malaysia.
  • A major space-time cluster was identified in Jasin, Melaka, with a relative risk of 11.93, followed by a cluster in Sabah.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial analysis effectively depicts COVID-19 transmission dynamics and high-risk areas.
  • This data provides valuable insights for real-time pandemic monitoring and public advisories.
  • Understanding spatiotemporal patterns aids in managing and controlling infectious disease outbreaks.
Keywords:
COVID-19LISAMoran's ISaTScanspace-time scanspatial autocorrelation

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