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Biodegradable Protein-Stabilized Inorganic Nanoassemblies for Photothermal Radiotherapy of Hepatoma Cells.

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Researchers developed biodegradable nanoclusters (Prot-IONs) for cancer therapy. These nanoclusters combine photothermal therapy, radiation sensitization, and magnetic resonance imaging for enhanced tumor treatment and diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Inorganic nanomaterials offer therapeutic potential but face challenges with chronic accumulation.
  • Biodegradable nanomaterials are needed to overcome toxicity and clearance issues.
  • Developing multifunctional nanostructures for targeted cancer theranostics is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer bioeliminable inorganic nanoassemblies with theranostic capabilities.
  • To develop gelatin-stabilized iron oxide nanoclusters functionalized with gold nanoclusters and indocyanine green (Prot-IONs).
  • To evaluate the synergistic therapeutic effects and diagnostic potential of Prot-IONs in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Prot-IONs: iron oxide nanoclusters stabilized with gelatin and functionalized with indocyanine green-bound albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters.
  • Evaluation of Prot-IONs' disintegration in acidic tumor microenvironments.
  • Assessment of bio- and hemocompatibility.
  • Photothermal efficiency measurements using near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation.
  • Evaluation of sensitization to gamma (γ)-irradiation in hepatoma cells.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxivity measurements.
  • Photoacoustic and NIR imaging studies.

Main Results:

  • Prot-IONs demonstrated disintegration in acidic tumor microenvironments within 72 hours.
  • The nanoassemblies exhibited excellent bio- and hemocompatibility.
  • Significant photothermal efficiency was observed due to indocyanine green (ICG) absorption.
  • Sequential NIR laser and γ-irradiation of Prot-ION-treated cancer cells resulted in ~90% cell death.
  • Prot-IONs displayed high T2-weighted MRI relaxivity (∼225 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹).
  • Effective use as photoacoustic and NIR imaging contrast agents was confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Bioeliminable inorganic nanoassemblies (Prot-IONs) were successfully developed.
  • Prot-IONs exhibit significant theranostic potential, combining imaging and therapeutic functionalities.
  • The synergistic effect of photothermal therapy and radiation sensitization offers a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
  • The developed nanoclusters are suitable for multimodal imaging, including MRI, photoacoustic, and NIR imaging.