Epidemiological determinants of COVID-19 in the police personnel: A cross-sectional study

Police are the frontline warriors who themselves are at risk of getting corona infection. This research with considerable sample size is the first of its kind to assess the epidemiological determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the police personnel.

The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and permission from police authorities were taken. The cross-sectional, descriptive study was planned on randomly selected 375 police personnel in the month of September-November 2020. Police detected with COVID-19 were included and those who were critically ill were excluded from the study. The written informed consent was taken and data was collected by pretested questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

The mean age of study subjects was 34.25 ± 9.1 years with 84% being males. There was no significant difference in age and sex distribution of study subjects. The most commonly affected police personnel were police constables (222 out of 375) followed by police nayak (42 out of 375). Around 88.2% were symptomatic. Symptoms were fever (64%), weakness (54.4%), cough (38.4%), loss of smell sensation (35.2%), cold (32.3%), shortness of breath (13.9%), diarrhea (11.7%), and pain in the abdomen (6.4%). "Cold" symptom was significantly higher in the younger age group as compared with the older age group. Shortness of breath was significantly higher in males as compared with females (P value < 0.05). The perceived probable sources of infection were from a colleague (33.9%), family member (4.5%), residential society member (2.4%) while performing duty (23.2%), and while traveling in public transport (4%). Regarding preventive measures, almost 99%, 94%, and 87%, followed hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and physical distancing, respectively, prior to getting corona infection. AYUSH self-care practices such as daily drinking of turmeric milk, warm water, and breathing exercises were practiced by 66.9%, 85.9%, and 54.1% of the police personnel, respectively.

There is male preponderance for corona infection among police personnel. Breathlessness is common in males as compared with female police. The cold symptom is mostly observed in young police personnel. Police personnel needs to judiciously follow physical distancing and practice general measures recommended by AYUSH.