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Frequency and Risk Factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh: A Cross-sectional

Amir Babiker1,2,3, Ghadeer L Aljahdali2, Mohammed K Alsaeed2

  • 1Pediatrics Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Oman Medical Journal
|March 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is often caused by missing insulin, especially in known T1DM patients. Prevention strategies should focus on adolescents and those with recurrent DKA episodes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • DKA is a significant cause of hospitalization in children with T1DM.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for DKA admissions in children.
  • To inform strategies for reducing DKA morbidity in T1DM patients.
  • To analyze DKA characteristics in newly diagnosed and known T1DM pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of DKA admissions from March 2015 to December 2017.
  • Inclusion of newly diagnosed and known T1DM patients ≤ 14 years old.
  • Analysis of DKA frequency, precipitating factors, and patient characteristics.

Main Results:

  • 146 DKA episodes occurred in 116 T1DM patients; 36.2% were newly diagnosed.
  • Missing insulin was the primary cause of DKA in known T1DM patients (p = 0.001).
  • Recurrent DKA episodes were more frequent in children aged ≥ 10 years (p = 0.024).

Conclusions:

  • Missing insulin is the leading cause of DKA in known pediatric T1DM cases.
  • Prevention campaigns should address initial DKA presentations.
  • Targeted interventions are needed for high-risk groups, including adolescents and those with recurrent DKA.
Abstract

Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic ketoacidosisRisk FactorsSaudi Arabia

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