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Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children and Adolescents: Twenty-Six Year Experience from a Single Centre

Hüseyin Anil Korkmaz1,2, Ritika R Kapoor1,3, Jennifer Kalitsi1,4

  • 1Paediatric Endocrinology, Variety Club Children's Hospital, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|March 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in children is often caused by craniopharyngioma or acute CNS insults. Continued neuroimaging is crucial for idiopathic CDI cases, as some progress over time.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare condition in children with varied causes.
  • Understanding the specific etiologies and long-term outcomes is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causes and long-term outcomes of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in pediatric patients.
  • To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators for CDI in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of pediatric patients diagnosed with CDI between 1993 and 2019.
  • Collection of clinical data including etiology, age at presentation, pituitary hormone deficiencies, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Craniopharyngioma was the leading cause of CDI (n=44), frequently associated with panhypopituitarism.
  • Acute central nervous system (CNS) insults led to high mortality or transient CDI.
  • Idiopathic CDI was infrequent (n=5), with some cases progressing to germinoma after a median of 3.3 years.

Conclusions:

  • Craniopharyngioma surgery is a primary cause of pediatric CDI with panhypopituitarism.
  • Acute CNS insults in CDI patients indicate a poor prognosis.
  • Extended neuroimaging follow-up (beyond 3 years) is recommended for idiopathic CDI to detect potential progression.
Abstract

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