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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
Published on: December 16, 2019
Spontaneous Oxidation of Aromatic Sulfones to Sulfonic Acids in Microdroplets
Lingqi Qiu1, Michael D Psimos1, R Graham Cooks1
1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Abstract:
Reactions in microdroplets can be accelerated and can present unique chemistry compared to reactions in bulk solution. Here, we report the accelerated oxidation of aromatic sulfones to sulfonic acids in microdroplets under ambient conditions without the addition of acid, base, or catalyst. The experimental data suggest that the water radical cation, (H2O)+•, derived from traces of water in the solvent, is the oxidant. The substrate scope of the reaction indicates the need for a strong electron-donating group (e.g., p-hydroxyl) in the aromatic ring. An analogous oxidation is observed in an aromatic ketone with benzoic acid production. The shared mechanism is suggested to involve field-assisted ionization of water at the droplet/air interface, its reaction with the sulfone (M) to form the radical cation adduct, (M + H2O)+•, followed by 1,2-aryl migration and C-O cleavage. A remarkably high reaction rate acceleration (∼103) and regioselectivity (∼100-fold) characterize the reaction.
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