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Veterans Administration cooperative study on hepatitis and dentistry.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
|September 1, 1986
Summary
VA dental personnel show a 1% annual hepatitis B seroconversion rate. Over 16% of dentists and 13% of auxiliaries had hepatitis B markers, increasing with years of experience, highlighting the need for immunization.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Health
- Hepatology
Background:
- Viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B, poses a risk in healthcare settings.
- Dental personnel are potentially exposed to bloodborne pathogens during patient care.
- Screening and understanding infectivity factors are crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To screen VA dental personnel for viral hepatitis.
- To identify factors associated with hepatitis B infectivity within dental facilities.
- To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B markers and evaluate prophylactic measures.
Main Methods:
- A serological screening study involving 963 personnel from 126 US VA dental facilities.
- Data collection on occupation, years in the dental environment, and use of protective measures.
- Analysis of seroconversion rates and prevalence of hepatitis B core and surface antigen antibodies.
Main Results:
- Approximately 1% annual seroconversion rate for hepatitis B markers.
- 16.2% of dentists and 13.0% of dental auxiliary personnel showed positive hepatitis B markers.
- Prevalence increased with years in the dental environment; oral surgeons had the highest prevalence (24.0%).
- Inadequate prophylactic measures were noted for less invasive procedures.
Conclusions:
- Significant prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers among dental personnel.
- Occupational exposure and duration in the dental field are associated with increased risk.
- An active hepatitis B immunization program is recommended for dental and auxiliary staff before professional exposure.