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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers
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Primary nutrient sensors in plants.

Dorina Podar1, Frans J M Maathuis2

  • 1Faculty of Biology and Geology and Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj 400084, Romania.

Iscience
|March 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Plants efficiently use scarce nutrients by sensing external and internal levels. This review details how plants sense macronutrients and micronutrients in the soil and roots.

Keywords:
Biological sciencesPlant biologyPlant nutritionPlant physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Nutrient Sensing
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nutrients are vital for plant growth and survival.
  • Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency.
  • Accurate sensing of nutrient availability is crucial for regulating plant processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the current understanding of plant nutrient sensing mechanisms.
  • To explore how plants sense both macro- and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
  • To highlight the primary sensors involved in nutrient level monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Interpretation and evaluation of identified primary nutrient sensors.
  • Focus on mechanisms in the rhizosphere and root symplast.

Main Results:

  • Primary sensors, including transceptors and transcription factors, are key to nutrient monitoring.
  • Nitrate sensing involves the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family.
  • Sensors for potassium, sodium, zinc, and iron have been recently identified.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding plant nutrient sensing is critical for improving crop nutrient use efficiency.
  • Diverse sensor mechanisms exist for different nutrient classes (macro vs. micro).
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex plant sensing pathways.