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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

10.3K
Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
10.3K
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

2.9K
Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
2.9K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

6.0K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
6.0K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

9.0K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
9.0K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

680
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
680
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

8.5K
Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic...
8.5K

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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Multifunctional π-Conjugated Additives for Halide Perovskite.

Yinan Lao1, Shuang Yang1, Wenjin Yu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

π-conjugated molecules enhance halide perovskite performance by improving charge mobility and device stability. These additives offer new opportunities for advancing perovskite solar cell technology.

Keywords:
additiveshalide perovskiteslight-emitting diodessolar cellsπ-conjugation

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Additives are crucial for enhancing halide perovskite solar cells.
  • π-conjugated molecules offer unique advantages over other additives due to their electronic and structural properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of π-conjugated molecules on halide perovskite performance.
  • To elucidate the interaction mechanisms between conjugated molecules and perovskites.
  • To summarize the role of conjugated ligands in low-dimensional perovskite devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the impact of π-conjugated additives in halide perovskites.
  • Analysis of studies detailing defect passivation, lattice orientation, crystallization, energy level tuning, and stability enhancement.
  • Synthesis of findings on conjugated ligands in low-dimensional perovskite systems.

Main Results:

  • π-conjugated additives significantly improve charge mobility and device lifetime compared to alkyl-based additives.
  • These molecules facilitate defect passivation, guide lattice orientation, assist crystallization, and enhance perovskite stability.
  • Conjugated ligands play a vital role in the performance of low-dimensional perovskite devices.

Conclusions:

  • π-conjugated molecules offer a promising strategy for optimizing halide perovskite active layers.
  • Understanding the interaction mechanisms can lead to the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite devices.
  • These additives present significant opportunities for future advancements in perovskite solar cell technology.