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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Hospital Admissions of Emergency Department COVID-19 Patients

Joshua Longcoy1, Rahul Patwari2, Scott Hasler3

  • 1Center for Community Health Equity, Rush University Medical Center.

Medical Care
|March 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

White patients were more likely to be hospitalized and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after visiting the emergency department (ED) for COVID-19 compared to Black patients. No differences were observed between White and Hispanic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates higher COVID-19 hospitalization rates for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients.
  • Existing studies often overlook emergency department (ED) specific data, focusing broadly on system-wide positive tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations and ICU admissions among patients presenting to the ED.
  • To specifically analyze outcomes for patients seeking acute care for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) from 7,549 COVID-19 positive patients.
  • Data collected from an urban healthcare system in the Chicago area (March 2020 - February 2021).
  • Statistical adjustment for potential confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • White patients demonstrated 2.2 times higher odds of hospital admission compared to Black patients.
  • White patients had 1.5 times higher odds of ICU admission than Black patients.
  • No significant differences in hospitalization or ICU admission were found between White and Hispanic patients.

Conclusions:

  • White patients exhibited increased likelihood of hospitalization and direct ICU admission post-ED presentation for COVID-19 relative to Black patients.
  • Potential contributing factors include disparities in disease severity, primary care access, and implicit bias in clinical decision-making.
Abstract

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