Microwave Ablation for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction: A Pilot Study

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Oncology
• Interventional Pulmonology

Background:

• Malignant central airway obstruction (CAO) significantly impacts patients with lung cancer and metastases.
• Therapeutic bronchoscopy is vital for palliation and bridging therapy in CAO.
• Microwave ablation (MWA) uses electromagnetic fields for tissue heating.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endobronchial MWA via flexible bronchoscopy for malignant CAO.
• To assess successful airway recanalization and complication rates.

Main Methods:

• A pilot study involving 8 patients with malignant CAO.
• Flexible bronchoscopy with an MWA probe was utilized.
• Data collected included tumor size, prior treatments, ablation parameters, recanalization success, and complications.

Main Results:

• Successful airway recanalization was achieved in all 8 cases.
• No complications were reported during the study period.
• MWA effectively ablated tumor ingrowth within a stent without damaging the stent.

Conclusions:

• Endobronchial MWA is a safe and effective novel technique for malignant CAO management.
• The "oven effect" and air gap ensure targeted tissue devitalization and hemostasis.
• This method preserves airway axis and surrounding structures.