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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

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Lymphocytes Are Not Required for Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification Development after Spinal Cord Injury.

Kylie A Alexander1, Hsu-Wen Tseng1, Irina Kulina1

  • 1Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.

Neurotrauma Reports
|March 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) are abnormal bone growths after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study found that adaptive immune cells, like T and B lymphocytes, do not significantly contribute to NHO development in mice.

Keywords:
B lymphocytesT lymphocytesboneneurogenic heterotopic ossificationspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) are debilitating bone growths in muscles following traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries (SCI).
  • The innate immune system's role in NHO pathogenesis is established, but the contribution of adaptive immunity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adaptive immune cells, specifically T and B lymphocytes, in the development of NHOs after SCI in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T and B lymphocyte populations in spleen, blood, and muscle post-SCI.
  • Induction of NHOs in Rag1-/- mice lacking mature T and B lymphocytes.
  • Assessment of NHO development in splenectomized mice post-SCI.

Main Results:

  • B lymphocytes decreased in circulation and increased in muscle post-SCI, while T cell changes were minimal.
  • Rag1-/- mice developed NHOs similarly to wild-type controls.
  • Splenectomy did not alter NHO development post-SCI.

Conclusions:

  • Functional T and B lymphocytes appear to have minimal or dispensable roles in the development of NHOs following experimental SCI in mice.
  • These findings suggest that adaptive immunity is not a primary driver of NHO pathogenesis.