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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children with obesity

Louise Apperley1, Ram Kumar2, Senthil Senniappan1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|March 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Obesity is a significant risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent vision loss in pediatric patients with IIH.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is an under-recognized risk factor for elevated intracranial pressure in children.
  • The exact mechanisms linking obesity to IIH in pediatric patients are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and body weight in the pediatric population.
  • To enhance understanding of IIH pathophysiology in relation to obesity in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective identification of pediatric patients diagnosed with IIH at a tertiary children's hospital (April 2017 - April 2019).
  • Analysis of patient data including body mass index (BMI), clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen pediatric patients (7 male, 11 female) with a mean age of 11 years were identified.
  • The mean BMI was 30.3 kg/m², with a mean BMI SDS of +2.5, indicating obesity.
  • Headaches and visual disturbances were the most common presenting symptoms (66.6%), though some cases were asymptomatic and detected during routine eye exams.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of pediatric IIH cases associated with obesity occur in females.
  • Increased awareness of IIH secondary to obesity is vital for timely clinical evaluation and management.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent severe complications like permanent vision loss.
Abstract

Keywords:
child healthendocrinologyneurologyobesitypaediatrics

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