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Alterations in Clinical Characteristics of Blood Donors Post COVID-19 Recovery
Fahad Al Ghamdi1, Salma Naqvi2, Fahad A Alabassi1
1Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Blood group O+ individuals showed higher susceptibility to COVID-19. Age, blood pressure, pulse rate, and BMI are critical factors influencing outcomes, especially in males over 45.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates understanding risk factors for varied patient outcomes.
- Limited characterization exists regarding susceptibility differences based on physiological and demographic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze COVID-19 susceptibility in relation to blood group, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, age, and BMI.
- To identify key risk factors influencing disease outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Study included 134 recovered COVID-19 blood donors from Saudi Arabia.
- Data collected on age, gender, blood group, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, and BMI.
Main Results:
- Blood group O+ donors were most susceptible.
- Elevated blood pressure and pulse rates were observed in older age groups (46-65 years).
- Males and Rh+ donors exhibited significantly higher systolic blood pressure and pulse rates.
Conclusions:
- Blood group, age, physical characteristics, and BMI are crucial for therapeutic strategies.
- Individuals over 45 with high BMI require careful consideration for COVID-19 treatment to minimize adverse effects.
Background:
Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), a current worldwide pandemic is the cause of serious concern. Risk-adjusted differences in outcomes of the patients are not well characterized. Therefore, susceptibility to infection with respect to blood group, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, age, and BMI is analyzed in this study.
Methods:
Blood donors of all ages and gender, who recovered from COVID-19 infection, were selected for the study. Samples were collected from the regional laboratory and the central blood bank of Hafr al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Out of 1508 healthy blood donors, 134 had recovered from corona without any preexisting diseases.
Results:
Major donors were male (85.1%). 28% of donors were in the age range of 26-35 years. O+(32.8%) donors were in majority. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate elevated significantly in the age group 46-55 (p<0.05) and 56-65 (p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure in males (134.13 ± 9.57) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in females (129.35 ± 10.61). Donors with Rh+ had significantly higher systolic (p<0.05) and pulse rate (p<0.05) as compared to Rh-.
Discussion:
O+ donors were found to be highly susceptible. Blood pressure, pulse rate and Hb altered with age. Males exhibited higher variation in systolic blood pressure, with the Rh+ factor playing a predominant role. Donors above 45-years of age and with a high BMI had significantly elevated blood pressure and pulse. These results are challenging or contradictory to the results of Turkish and Chinese studies where blood group A+ was more predominantly affected by the SARS-CoV-2 with the minimum infection rate in females and Rh- donors.
Conclusion:
Factors like blood group, age, physical characteristics and BMI should be taken into account before initiating any therapeutic approach to obtain the best possible outcomes with minimum adverse effects from the current drugs utilized for SARS CoV-2 treatment, especially with the age group of 45 years and above.
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