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Incident COVID-19 Infections, Active and Reserve Components, 1 January 2020-31 August 2021.

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    COVID-19 significantly impacted military personnel, with most cases in young males. Pre-existing conditions increased hospitalization risk, but vaccination proved highly effective in preventing severe outcomes and deaths.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Military Health

    Background:

    • COVID-19 emerged as a significant global health threat.
    • Understanding its impact on specific populations, like military service members, is crucial for public health strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the epidemiology of COVID-19 cases within the US military.
    • To identify risk factors for hospitalization and death.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of confirmed or probable COVID-19 cases in service members from January 2020 to August 2021.
    • Data collection on demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, hospitalizations, and vaccination status.

    Main Results:

    • 189,239 COVID-19 cases identified; majority were young males (81.2%, 20-29 years).
    • 19.2% had pre-existing conditions (obesity, cardiovascular disease, substance use disorder most common).
    • Hospitalized individuals were twice as likely to have comorbidities; vaccination significantly reduced hospitalization (0.4%) and prevented deaths.

    Conclusions:

    • COVID-19 disproportionately affected young, male service members.
    • Pre-existing conditions are associated with increased hospitalization risk.
    • COVID-19 vaccination is critical for protecting military force health, significantly reducing severe disease and mortality.