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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
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Pediatric Deep Sedation for Ophthalmology Procedures in an Outpatient Setting, Risk Evaluation.

Michael Russell Evans1, Tonya Thompson2, Christine Hsu3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Sedation, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Anesthesia, Essays and Researches
|March 24, 2022
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Summary

Pediatric deep sedation (PDS) for ophthalmology procedures resulted in more minor complications than other procedures. However, PDS remains safe for pediatric eye care, with no major adverse events observed.

Keywords:
Deep sedationophthalmologypediatricspropofolsafety

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Sedation Management

Background:

  • Pediatric deep sedation (PDS) is safe and effective for minor procedures.
  • Major complications are rare, but minor issues like desaturation can occur.
  • Limited data exist on PDS for pediatric ophthalmology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the complication rate of PDS in pediatric ophthalmology.
  • Compare PDS complications in ophthalmology versus other procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database (2018-2020).
  • 134 pediatric patients (0-18 years) undergoing PDS for ophthalmology procedures.
  • Comparison with 1119 patients receiving PDS for other procedures.

Main Results:

  • Ophthalmology group had a higher rate of minor complications (13.4% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.001).
  • Minor complications included increased need for bag-mask ventilation, airway positioning, and suctioning.
  • No major complications (e.g., CPR, intubation, death) occurred in either group.

Conclusions:

  • PDS for pediatric ophthalmology procedures is associated with a higher incidence of minor complications.
  • No major complications were observed, indicating PDS is safe for these procedures.
  • A dedicated pediatric sedation service model ensures safe PDS for ophthalmology.