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Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

Mouse Oocytes, A Complex Single Cell Transcriptome.

¹Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|March 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single oocyte RNA-seq (soRNA-seq) offers higher reproducibility and reveals complex gene changes during mammalian oocyte maturation. This method provides better insights into developmental progression and quality, outperforming bulk RNA-seq.

Keywords:

RNA degradation RNA-seq germinal vesicle oocytes mouse oocyte maturation normalization single oocyte RNA-seq

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

Published on: October 11, 2015

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mammalian oocyte maturation involves significant transcriptome changes during the germinal vesicle (GV) stage.
Oocyte RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has identified distinct gene expression profiles in non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) and surrounded nucleolus (SN) GV phases.
Traditional bulk RNA-seq requires numerous oocytes, limiting detailed analysis of individual cell variations.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the reproducibility and analytical power of single oocyte RNA-seq (soRNA-seq) versus bulk RNA-seq.
To investigate gene expression dynamics during GV oocyte development and maturation.
To identify robust normalization strategies for single-cell oocyte transcriptomic data.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of existing single-cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets from mouse oocytes.
Assessment of Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) based deduplication methods for soRNA-seq precision.
Development and validation of normalization strategies using external spike-in molecules and stable endogenous genes.

Main Results:

Single oocyte RNA-seq (soRNA-seq) demonstrated superior reproducibility compared to bulk RNA-seq.
soRNA-seq revealed more intricate gene expression changes during GV oocyte developmental progression than previously understood.
Elevated ribosomal RNA 5'-ETS levels strongly correlated with the SN oocyte property.
UMI-based deduplication methods showed limitations in enhancing soRNA-seq dataset precision.
Identified stable endogenous genes suitable for normalization, comparable to external spike-in molecules.

Conclusions:

soRNA-seq is a more powerful and reproducible technique for studying mammalian oocyte transcriptomes.
This study provides improved methods for data normalization and analysis in single-cell oocyte studies.
Findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying oocyte maturation and quality.