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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
15.4K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.2K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
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Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

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Metastable hexagonal close-packed palladium hydride in liquid cell TEM.

Jaeyoung Hong1, Jee-Hwan Bae1, Hyesung Jo2

  • 1Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.

Nature
|March 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new metastable palladium hydride (PdHₓ) structure using rational design. This breakthrough enables the discovery of novel materials with enhanced properties by controlling precursor concentrations during synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Metastable phases, kinetically favored crystal structures, are common but challenging to discover.
  • Traditional methods rely on heuristics, limiting innovation in materials science.
  • Metastable materials can possess superior physicochemical properties compared to stable phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rational design strategy for discovering new metastable materials.
  • To synthesize and characterize a novel metastable hexagonal close-packed (hcp) palladium hydride (PdHₓ).
  • To understand the thermodynamic principles governing the stabilization of metastable phases.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of metastable palladium hydride (PdHₓ) in a liquid cell transmission electron microscope.
  • Controlled manipulation of precursor concentrations (hydrogen and palladium).
  • In-situ characterization using transmission electron microscopy to observe structural transformations.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a metastable hexagonal close-packed (hcp) palladium hydride (PdHₓ).
  • Demonstrated stabilization of the hcp phase through specific precursor concentrations.
  • Identified inhibition of transition to the stable face-centered cubic phase by controlling palladium supply.

Conclusions:

  • A rational design approach can overcome heuristic limitations in discovering metastable materials.
  • Precursor concentration is a critical factor in controlling and stabilizing metastable crystal structures.
  • This work provides a framework for metastability engineering and the discovery of novel advanced materials.