Sex-Related Effects on Cardiac Development and Disease

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Georgios Siokatas1, Ioanna Papatheodorou1, Angeliki Daiou1

  • 1School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|March 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Sex determination factors influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and treatment. Understanding the "sex determination-heart axis" may reveal new cardiac repair and regeneration strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major global health burden.
  • Sex-based differences exist in CVD epidemiology and pathophysiology.
  • Sex determination factors may play a crucial role in heart health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the "sex determination-heart axis".
  • To identify knowledge gaps in sex-specific heart development, aging, and disease.
  • To explore therapeutic potential for cardiac regeneration and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on sex determination and cardiovascular manifestations.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular aspects in human sex determination disorders (e.g., Turner, Klinefelter syndromes).
  • Comparison of cardiac regenerative potential across species with varying sexual phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Distinct cardiovascular characteristics are observed between males and females with CVD.
  • Abnormal sex determination is linked to specific cardiovascular issues.
  • Sex-biased cardiac repair mechanisms, influenced by hormones like 17β-estradiol, are evident.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating the "sex determination-heart axis" is critical for understanding CVD.
  • Sex-specific factors impact cardiac aging, disease, and regeneration.
  • Targeting this axis may unlock novel therapeutic avenues for heart repair.

Keywords:
17β-estradiolbiological sexdevelopmentinjuryregenerationrepairsex chromosome disorderssex determination

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