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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Coagulation

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Published on: October 4, 2012

A highly efficient three-solvent methodology for separating colloidal nanoparticles.

Zhe Tan¹, Yuhan Liu¹, Bo Huang^1,2

¹Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an 712000, China. bohuang@xjtu.edu.cn.

|March 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new three-solvent method efficiently separates diverse nanomaterials like nanoparticles and nanoalloys. This approach, based on a novel theoretical model, utilizes low-toxicity solvents for greener separation processes.

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Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Separating diverse nanomaterials, including monometallic nanoparticles and various nanoalloys, presents significant challenges in materials science.
Existing separation techniques often lack efficiency or rely on hazardous solvents, hindering scalable applications and green chemistry principles.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a robust three-solvent methodology for the efficient separation of a wide range of nanomaterials.
To develop a theoretical model explaining the centrifugation mechanism for colloidal particle separation in multi-solvent systems.
To discover a novel, low-toxicity solvent system for high-efficiency nanomaterial separation.

Main Methods:

Systematic investigation of separation efficiencies in two-solvent and three-solvent systems.
Development and application of a three-solvent theoretical model to elucidate centrifugation mechanisms.
Identification and testing of a novel solvent system prioritizing low toxicity and high separation performance.

Main Results:

A three-solvent methodology was successfully established for separating monometallic nanoparticles, miscible, and immiscible nanoalloys.
A theoretical model was proposed, detailing the centrifugation mechanism of colloidal particles in multi-solvent environments.
A novel, low-toxicity solvent system demonstrating high separation efficiency was discovered, validated by the three-solvent model.

Conclusions:

The developed three-solvent methodology offers a significant advancement in nanomaterial separation.
The proposed theoretical model provides fundamental insights into colloidal particle centrifugation.
This research paves the way for greener, more efficient separation of nanomaterials in research and industry.